Neologisms

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1. Native and borrowed words Native Etymologically the vocabulary of the English language is far from being homogenous. It consists of two layers – the native stock of words and the borrowed stock of words In fact native words comprise only 30% of the total number of words in the English vocabulary. The native words have a wider range of […]...
2. Classification of Expressive Means and Stylistic Devices The expressive means of the language are studied respectively in manuals of phonetics, grammar, lexicology and stylistics. Stylistics, however, observes not only the nature of an expressive means, but also its potential capacity of becoming a stylistic device. Stylistic device is a conscious and intentional literary use of some of the facts of the language […]...
3. About Rap Rap is a style of music that has been popular in Britain and the United States for over ten years. The noun “rap” comes from the verb “to rap”. This is an informal word meaning to talk quickly and a lot. Rap music has developed along with movements in fashion, dance and art. They all […]...
4. Phraseology Phraseology received increasing attention in the English-speaking world. Linguistic competence also includes a familiarity with restricted collocations (like break the rules), idioms (like spill the beans in a non-literal sense) and proverbs (like Revenge is sweet), as well as the ability to produce or understand metaphorical interpretations. Vinogradov;s classification of phraseological units: A) phraseological combinations […]...
5. Phonetic Expressive Means and Stylistic Devices The theory of sense – independence of separate sounds is based on a subjective interpretation of sound associations and has nothing to do with objective scientific data. However, the sound of a word, or more exactly the way words sound in combination, cannot fail to contribute something to the general effect of the message, particularly […]...
6. Білет № 8 Відповіді на білети. Англійська мова Ви на канікулах і хочете купити тлумачний словник поцікавтеся, чи є в наявності такі словники, скільки вони коштують, яких видавництв ці словники, який їхній лексичний мінімум. When I arrived in London I understood that it’s necessary to buy a small dictionary because I heard lots of new words and expressions. I needed somebody’s advice. When […]...
7. Polysemy in Modern English Most English words are polysemantic. It should be noted that the wealth of expressive resources of a language largely depends on the degree to which polysemy has developed in the language. The system of meanings of any polysemantic word develops gradually, mostly over the centuries, as more and more new meanings are either added to […]...
8. Structural classification of Sentences The meaning of an English sentence depends on the word order. We put the subject before the verb and the object after the predicate. The cook burnt the dinner. From the point of view of their structure sentences can be divided into: two-membered; one-membered; complete; incomplete; simple; composite (compound, complex). A simple sentence contains a […]...
9. Не в деньгах счастье – Money does not bring happiness Almost all nationalities have a proverb “money does not bring happiness”. But unfortunately there are very few people who follow to this wisdom. To my mind it`s bad for a person to have money. If you have a little money you want more and more and all what you live for is to save up […]...
10. Martin Eden A week of heavy leading had passed since ihe evening he first met Ruth Morse, and still he didn’t rfare fn go nnd we her Tie was afraid of making mistakes in speech and manners. Martin tried to read books that required years of preparatory work. One day he read a book on philosophy, and […]...
11. Здоровье не купишь – Health is better that wealth The topic health is one of the urgent problems because you can`t buy health whatever money you have. The echo of this worldly wisdom is heard from the healers as well as from those who are for nanotechnology. And there is no place for sentimentality: if you are ill, you will be outstripped by business […]...
12. A Frenchman in New York City A Frenchman was once visiting New York City. He wished to go for a walk in order to see the city, but he was afraid that he might get lost because he did not know a word of English. So when he left his hotel, he stopped at the first corner and carefully copied in […]...
13. Holidays in Great Britain Every country and every nation has own traditions and customs. It’s very important to know traditions and customs of other countries. It helps to know more about the history and line of different nations. English are proud of their traditions and carefully keep them up as I know all English people celebrate Christmas on the […]...
14. The lesson of English As you know, our group has two English lesson a week: on Tuesday and Friday. When the teacher come and opens the door, we come in and sit down at the tables. Then we open our bags and take our exercise-books and Bonk’s text-books. And soon the lesson begins… We usually start it by pronouncing […]...
15. Christmas and Happy New Year The word “Christmas” is derived from the words “Christ’s Mass” – the celebration of the birth of Jesus Christ. But although Christmas is undoubtedly a Christian celebration, it is also true to say that it is an unusual combination of pagan and Christian festivities. A Christmas tree stands in everybody’s living room at Christmas, shining […]...
16. Erskine Caldwell “The Windfall” From the viewpoint of its structure it represents a piece of narration which is an account of the main character`s actions, a piece of character drawing, presented directly and indirectly that the reader has to discover a psychological portrait of the characters beyond the surface contents and through the dialogue. There is also an inner […]...
17. At a Loan Company A man went into a loan company and asked how much he would have to pay for six-month loan of twenty-five dollars. “One dollar and fifty cents”, the clerk told him. “That’s fine”, the man said. “I’ll take the loan, but I want to leave my new automobile here with you as security until I […]...
18. AT THE POST-OFFICE There are post-offices in every city, town and even in every village. In towns and cities there are po offices in every district. When you enter the post-office you see the windows for each department: “Registered Letters”, “Mon Orders”, “Telegraph”, “Trunk Line”, “Parcels”, “Stamps, Cards, Envelopes”, “Subscription” and others. At I post-office you can send […]...
19. English humor in itself. To be, or not two beer – as a question of national identity No one can deny that everybody likes to smile. It makes our life more pleasant and longer, adds zest to it. One could say that humor changes mere existence into real and exciting life. Can you imagine at least one day without laughter, even through short one? Neither can I. Some funny story or a […]...
20. Мой путь в будущее – My way to the future Tomorrow… Our plans, purposes, hopes, dreams, desires, ideas are hidden in this word. If you want to peek in the future, you should make a step. Our steps form our way. But if you want make a step, in my opinion, in the first place, you should define for yourself: what kind of tomorrow do […]...
21. A Funnv Story For his expedition to the South Pole, Captain Robert Scott needed much money. He was not a rich man himself, so he had to find people who could give him the money. First Scott spoke to David Lloyd George, who was at that time an important member of the British Government. The Captain though that […]...
22. Getting around in britain Britain has almost the same population as France but less than half the space. With 238 people per square kilometre, it is a densely populated country. So it is not surprising that the transport system is fairly comprehensive. With the notable exception of the Highlands of Scotland, almost every square centimetre of the map of […]...
23. Молчание – золото – Silence is golden Here is an old saying: silence is golden, So, how right is it? That`s not an easy question, and I don`t expect to find a perfect theory that will work out for everybody and everything. To begin with, there are a lot of situations in our life when this saying really works. Sometimes it tells […]...
24. Early marriages The main problem of all early marriages is a financial one. Young couple is just depressed by their low income. Lack of proper education, inexperience & youth do not help the young to receive a large payment for the jobs they do. Some young people decide to get married even without any sources to existing. […]...
25. The Blind Man and the Great Artist Every day in one of the streets of Vienna you could see a blind man playing the violin. His dog sat near him with a cap in his mouth. People, who were passing them, dropped coins into the cap. One day, when the weather was very cold, the man was playing for a long time, […]...
26. Хорошие качества человека – What traits of character I appreciate most of all? The burning issues of modern world are various, but the most burning ones are the moral and spiritual. The relationship of people and the relations of the countries depend on the solution of these problems. It is necessary to solve the problems on the international scene, economic, ecological and educational as well. The answers to […]...
27. Сотрудничество – Collaboration Dear Rachel, I want to tell you about our ideas on the project. On Monday, the 20th of October we had meeting with my colleagues and we have spoken about our future plans. It is a good idea to prepare a video-conference at the end of November or at the beginning of December. t would […]...
28. Не учи английский! – Don’t learn English! Bad advice for school children. Warning! This article can damage your mind. The world is crazy about English! English is everywhere from morning till night! It’s like madness: you have to learn it even if you don’t want. You can’t escape it! English is so quick that other languages are not able to compete. It […]...
29. Как написать хитовую песню! – How to write a song! Have you ever written a song? If your answer is “yes”, you will have more experience in this question. After reading this article you find something interesting for you. If your answer is “no”, why not to try it right now? Let’s see what you should know to write a song! Step by step: 1. […]...
30. Как достичь счастья и успеха – How to achieve success and happoness Many people believe that being intelligent, wealthy and attractive is the best way to find happiness and success. However, the recent researches have shown that these things aren`t as important as we tend to think. A group of scientists from all around the world have made a list of 10 tips how to be really […]...
31. Надежда для Гаити – Hope for Haiti now Republic of Haiti is one of the poorest countries in the world. Nowadays we hear the word “Haiti” many times because it was an earthquake in Haiti a few weeks ago. And the whole country is destroyed. The world community tries to help Haiti with doctors, food, water and the other things that they need. […]...
32. Кто такой настоящий друг? – What Is A True Friend Like? I think it was one of my classmates who taught me the true meaning of friendship. Not because she accepted me and kept my secrets, but because she talk behind my back and let me down in difficult situations. For Olga, it was natural to expect that I would help in doing her homework, go […]...
33. Computers at the school When Charles Babbage, a professor of Mathematics at Cambridge university, invented the first calculating machine in 1812 he couldn’t imagine the situation we find ourselves in today. Nearly everything we do in the world is helped, or even controlled by computers, the complicated descedants of his simple machine. Computers are used more and more often […]...
34. COMPOSITION CULTURE AND SCIENCE IN UKRAINE Much credit in the development of Ukrainian science is due to M. Ostrohradsky (mathematics), O. Bodyansky (linguistics), V. Antonovich (history), V. Obraztsov, M. Strazhenko, V. Filatov (various branches of medicine). The creation of the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences in 1918 – was an event of historical importance. Among its founding members were Volodymyr Vernadsky, a […]...
35. A Laconic Answer There was a time when the people of Greece were not united but instead there were several states each of which had its own ruler. Some of the people in the southern part of the country were called Spartans and they were famous for their simple habits and their bravery. The name of their land […]...
36. Компьютер в нашей жизни – Computers in our life Lately computers have filled our life. Now they are almost in each family. We have got used to them and we do not imagine our leisure without this miracle-machine. With the help of computers the Internet has entered into our life. It became an integral part of a life of each person. Now people cannot […]...
37. Что означает фраза “успех в жизни” – What does the phrase “success in life” mean? The Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English says that success is when you achieve what you want or intend. But what does success mean to people? Are people successful because they have happy lives and succesful in their own way? Success means different things to different people. Some people think that this is when they carry […]...
38. Кино в моей жизни – Cinema in my life I am keen on movies, that is why I am interested in everything that is connected with it. First some words about history of cinematography. In 1895 the Lumieres brothers made their first three minute film which was demonstrated to the public. It was almost a century ago. Nowadays cinema is probably the most popular […]...
39. Einstein for a Day Albert Einstein is one of the world’s most brilliant and respected scientists. He is known for formulating the theory of relativity, which played a critical role in the development of atomic energy. Einstein had a fine sense of humour. There’s an amusing story about how Einstein was travelling to universities in a chauffeured car, giving […]...
40. The History of Rock and Pop The ’70s Two groups show the different sides of ’70s pop – Abba and The Sex Pistols. Sweden’s Abba worked with the latest Technology. Their songs were popular with people from 8 to 80. They were rich. They made videos. They were in fact, superstar entertainers. And they weren’t alone. There were a lot of other ’70s […]...