Англія
Англія розташована на півдні та сході острова Великої Британії і має найбільшу територію з усіх 4 країн, що утворюють Сполучене Королівство. В Англії мешкає близько 80% усього населення держави, тож вона є густо заселеним краєм. 95% її населення мешкає у містах, та за околицями промислових районів можна насолодитися мальовничими англійськими ландшафтами з чарівними селами, зеленими пасовищами та доглянутими схилами.
Взагалі, англійські землі спускаються з північно-західних узвиш до південно-східного узбережжя. Характерними рисами є вересові
England lies in the southern and eastern part of the island of GB, and ranks as the largest of the four countries that make up the United Kingdom. With more than 80 per cent of the total British population, England is a densely populated country. About 95 per sent of its people live in urban areas, but outside the crowded city centers stretches English countryside, with charming villages, green pastures, and neat hedges. In general, English land slopes from the north and west to the south and east. Characteristic features include moors (open grasslands), downs (hilly grasslands), fens (marshlands), and wolds (low, chalky hills). The Pennines – the country’s major mountain system – extend from Scotland to central England, and are often called the “backbone of England”. West of the Pennines lies the Lake District, known for its beautiful mountain scenery. A large plateau called the Midlands covers east-central England. Much of this land is broken by rolling hills and fertile valleys, drained by the Thames, Severn, Trent, and Ouse rivers. Along the North Sea coast, the Midlands are low and flat. Southeastern, England is crossed by hills consisting of stone and chalk. Along the English Channel, the hills drop sharply to form cliffs, including the famous white cliffs of Dover. Until the early 1800’s most English people lived in the countryside and worked on farms. However, during the Industrial
Revolution, huge numbers of people moved to cities and towns to work in the new factories. Today, about 40 per cent of the population lives in 7 large metropolitan areas. Greater London, with nearly 8 million people, is the largest metropolitan area in England and one of the largest in the world. The other metropolitan areas include Birmingham, Manchester, Leeds, Liverpool, and Sheffield. In recent years many of the factories built near coal fields, their source of power, have closed. Nuclear energy, oil, and gas are the modern energy sources. As a result, many new industries have developed around London and in the southeastern section of England, where there is little coal. Service industries are also important to England’s economy. About 75 per cent of the workers in London and southeastern England work in service industries, particularly in social services, wholesale and retail trade, and financial services.
Slope вершина moor (open grassland) вересова пустка down (hilly grassland) поросла травою низина fen (marshland) заболочена місцина Wold пустка “backbone of England” хребет Англії wholesale and retail trade оптова та роздрібна торгівля
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