Classification of Expressive Means and Stylistic Devices

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1. Phonetic Expressive Means and Stylistic Devices The theory of sense – independence of separate sounds is based on a subjective interpretation of sound associations and has nothing to do with objective scientific data. However, the sound of a word, or more exactly the way words sound in combination, cannot fail to contribute something to the general effect of the message, particularly […]...
2. Polysemy in Modern English Most English words are polysemantic. It should be noted that the wealth of expressive resources of a language largely depends on the degree to which polysemy has developed in the language. The system of meanings of any polysemantic word develops gradually, mostly over the centuries, as more and more new meanings are either added to […]...
3. Classification of functional styles, belles-lettres style A functional style of language is a system of interrelated language means which serves a definite aim in communication. In the English literary standard Galperin distinguishes the following major functional styles (FS): belles-lettres; publicistic literature; newspaper; scientific prose; official documents. The belles-lettres FS has the following substyles: style of poetry; of emotive prose; of drama. […]...
4. Native and borrowed words Native Etymologically the vocabulary of the English language is far from being homogenous. It consists of two layers – the native stock of words and the borrowed stock of words In fact native words comprise only 30% of the total number of words in the English vocabulary. The native words have a wider range of […]...
5. Neologisms A neologism is a word, term, or phrase which has been recently created (“coined”) – often to apply to new concepts, to synthesize pre-existing concepts, or to make older terminology sound more contemporary. Neologisms are especially useful in identifying inventions, new phenomena, or old ideas which have taken on a new cultural context. The term […]...
6. Phraseology Phraseology received increasing attention in the English-speaking world. Linguistic competence also includes a familiarity with restricted collocations (like break the rules), idioms (like spill the beans in a non-literal sense) and proverbs (like Revenge is sweet), as well as the ability to produce or understand metaphorical interpretations. Vinogradov;s classification of phraseological units: A) phraseological combinations […]...
7. About Rap Rap is a style of music that has been popular in Britain and the United States for over ten years. The noun “rap” comes from the verb “to rap”. This is an informal word meaning to talk quickly and a lot. Rap music has developed along with movements in fashion, dance and art. They all […]...
8. Structural classification of Sentences The meaning of an English sentence depends on the word order. We put the subject before the verb and the object after the predicate. The cook burnt the dinner. From the point of view of their structure sentences can be divided into: two-membered; one-membered; complete; incomplete; simple; composite (compound, complex). A simple sentence contains a […]...
9. Білет № 8 Відповіді на білети. Англійська мова Ви на канікулах і хочете купити тлумачний словник поцікавтеся, чи є в наявності такі словники, скільки вони коштують, яких видавництв ці словники, який їхній лексичний мінімум. When I arrived in London I understood that it’s necessary to buy a small dictionary because I heard lots of new words and expressions. I needed somebody’s advice. When […]...
10. Стилистический анализ текста: F. Scott Fitzgerald “The Diamond as Big as Ritz” The text under stylistic analysis is taken from the book “The diamond as Big As Ritz” written by F. Scott Fitzgerald. It deals with feelings and emotions of author and written in the style of fiction. This story is told by author. This part of a story is about a well-known problem – leaving home […]...
11. Стилистический анализ текста: Brian Glanville “The Thing He Loves” The text under stylistic analysis is taken from the book “The thing he loves” by Brian Glanville. The story is told by the author. This story is about terrible car accident which happened with the taller of this story. It begins with the author;s memory about that awful day. Here we have such stylistic devices […]...
12. How i learned a driver’s license means more than getting around – it means freedom Looking out the window, I smile at the familiar sight of my five-year-old son and three-year-old daughter playing in the parked car. Matthew “drives” with my husband’s casual ease, hands resting lightly on the wheel, honking at regular intervals to signal another stop on the itinerary: McDonald’s, Dunkin’ Donuts, Toys R Us. “We’re playing Daddy […]...
13. Большая разница – Handsome is that handsome does I would like to share my ideas with you in this essay which covers an interesting topic. By the way, it is a tricky question. First of all, answering this question, we should find out what this expression means. I should say that the dictionary gives the following explanation: “Handsome is that handsome does” is […]...
14. English humor in itself. To be, or not two beer – as a question of national identity No one can deny that everybody likes to smile. It makes our life more pleasant and longer, adds zest to it. One could say that humor changes mere existence into real and exciting life. Can you imagine at least one day without laughter, even through short one? Neither can I. Some funny story or a […]...
15. Стилистический анализ текста: Erskine Caldwell “Man and Woman” The text under stylistic analysis is taken from the book “Man and woman” by Erskine Caldwell. The story is told by author. The main characters are the man and the woman, their names are Ring and Ruth. It;s the story how people try to find a right way out and save their lives. The author […]...
16. Роль книги в моей жизни – The role of a book in my life We go to school, we study to read and write, we start “to be friends” of books. What can be more entertaining, than reading of a good book? Reading, you get in the mysterious and magic world, you are transferred to the remote past or the future. Our teacher tells that books can answer on […]...
17. Моя профессия – My profession There are many profession in the world. They are:doctors, painters, sculptures, teachers and others. Every man is an architect of his own fortunes. After sсhool I want to enter the university. I am going to be a translater of English. I must take examinations on History, English and Russian. As I want to be an […]...
18. Атмосфера маленького сообщества – Small community atmosphere What can I tell you about my school? First of all, it`s not a school. It`s a lyceum. I have been studying in lyceum №1547 for 1 year and 3 weeks. I love this lyceum very much because you can feel freedom here. We have some excellent teachers of English, Russian, Maths and Physics, so […]...
19. Молчание – золото – Silence is golden Here is an old saying: silence is golden, So, how right is it? That`s not an easy question, and I don`t expect to find a perfect theory that will work out for everybody and everything. To begin with, there are a lot of situations in our life when this saying really works. Sometimes it tells […]...
20. Центр моей жизни – The focus of my life Today the focus of my life is learning languages. Since early childhood when I didn`t understand many things, I was dreaming about learning at least five of them. I always named English, French, Italian, Spanish, German and sometimes even Japanese. Of course these words meant very little for me then. I just heard them very […]...
21. Стилистический анализ текста: Oscar Wilde “The Sphinx Without a Secret” The text under stylistic analysis is taken from the book “The Sphinx Without a Secret” by Oscar Wilde. The story is told by the 1st person. The scene is laid outside the Caf? de la Paix. In the beginning of the story the author describes the Perisian life with the help of antithesis “splendour and […]...
22. Может ли мир без тебя? – Can the world exist without you? Can the world exist without any person? And what role can a person play in the modern world?” – I have asked myself and have come to the conclusion that the given themes are seldom shown up nowadays, and it is not good. Many people have simply stopped appreciating, noticing and respecting all those people […]...
23. Стилистический анализ текста: Agatha Christie “Where There;s a Will” The text under stylistic analysis is taken from the book “Where there;s a will” by Agatha Christie. It deals with the relations, between people of different generations and written in the style of fiction. The main idea of this text we can explain with the help of well-known proverb “where there;s a will, there;s a […]...
24. “A Stolen” Theme The famous Italian composer Leoncovallo loved to listen to what people said about his operas. One evening, when his “Pagliacci” was on, he was sitting next to a girl who clapped with enthusiasm. Between claps she looked angrily at the gentleman sitting next to her who didn’t applaud at all. When the curtain went down […]...
25. Стилистический анализ текста: Andrew Norton “My Life Has Changed its Course” The chapter “My Life Has Changed its Course” is taken brom the book “Her True Story” by Andrew Norton and his written in the style of fiction. It deals with the author feelings and emotions about the emotional experience inside the Royal family. The story is about an accident on the slopes and that one […]...
26. Стилистический анализ текста: Ring Lardner “Old Folks Christmas” The text under stylistic analysis written by Ring Lardner. The author told us about the family, Tom and his wife Grace Carted and their two children Junior, nineteen years old and his sister Grace, seventeen years old. It was Christmas Eve. Tom and Grace sitting in their living-room, sometimes reading, sometimes talking. Junior was in […]...
27. The lesson of English As you know, our group has two English lesson a week: on Tuesday and Friday. When the teacher come and opens the door, we come in and sit down at the tables. Then we open our bags and take our exercise-books and Bonk’s text-books. And soon the lesson begins… We usually start it by pronouncing […]...
28. Не учи английский! – Don’t learn English! Bad advice for school children. Warning! This article can damage your mind. The world is crazy about English! English is everywhere from morning till night! It’s like madness: you have to learn it even if you don’t want. You can’t escape it! English is so quick that other languages are not able to compete. It […]...
29. Learning languages The problem of learning languages is very important today. Foreign languages are socially demanded especially at the present time when the progress in science and technology has led to an explosion of knowledge and has contributed to an overflow of information. The total knowledge of mankind is known to double every seven years. Foreign languages […]...
30. Learning foreigner language More and more people realize that every educated person should know a foreigner language. The most popular language now is English. English is a world language. It’s the language of progressive science and technology, trade and cultural relation, commerce and business. It’s the universal language of international aviation, shipping and sports. It is also the […]...
31. Хорошие качества человека – What traits of character I appreciate most of all? The burning issues of modern world are various, but the most burning ones are the moral and spiritual. The relationship of people and the relations of the countries depend on the solution of these problems. It is necessary to solve the problems on the international scene, economic, ecological and educational as well. The answers to […]...
32. How Do People`s Cruelty and Violence Cost? To my profound belief the main vital value is our life itself, though it sounds paradoxically. We are endowed with certain inalienable rights by our Creator; among them are life and pursuit of happiness. I remember the prosaic poem by Turgenev, “Blue sky, light clouds look like down, scent of flowers, sweet sound of young […]...
33. Волшебное дерево Эллы – Ella`s Fairy Tree And there they stood in a file along the bank looking around, frightened. The lake and the forest were still, no sound was heard. Summer so brief, with its white nights when school was over meant freedom and happiness, and they were enjoying it to the full… The twilights never ended and this illusion kept […]...
34. Learning foreign language The great German poet Goethe once said: “He who know no foreign language does not know his own one. Learning foreign languages is specially important nowadays. Some people learn foreign languages because they need them in their work, others travel abroad, for the third studying languages is a hobby. Every year thousands of people from […]...
35. Білет № 10 Відповіді на білети. Англійська мова Ви обговорюєте проблему вивчення іноземних мов зі своїми друзями. Висловіть свою думку щодо важливості знання іноземної мови. It’s very important to know English. Two thousands years ago English did not exist. A thousand years ago it was a language used by less than two million people. Now it is the most influential language in the […]...
36. At the railway station It’s common knowledge that nowadays people travel a lot. They travel On business and for pleasure, about the country and abroad. Those who wish to travel have at their disposal various means of transport: express trains and big ships, cars and jet airplanes. Although aircraft are faster and, some people say, more convenient, the railway […]...
37. Martin Eden A week of heavy leading had passed since ihe evening he first met Ruth Morse, and still he didn’t rfare fn go nnd we her Tie was afraid of making mistakes in speech and manners. Martin tried to read books that required years of preparatory work. One day he read a book on philosophy, and […]...
38. Здоровье не купишь – Health is better that wealth The topic health is one of the urgent problems because you can`t buy health whatever money you have. The echo of this worldly wisdom is heard from the healers as well as from those who are for nanotechnology. And there is no place for sentimentality: if you are ill, you will be outstripped by business […]...
39. What is a brand? In my opinion, it’s not only a trademark of some company, but the name of certain product we use every day. For example, speaking about coffee most of us say Nescafe, but not ‘coffee’. This short example also illustrates the main aim of producers – to create brand popularity, so that most of people would […]...
40. Стилистический анализ текста: Angus Wilson “A Bit off the Map” The text under stylistic analysis is taken from the book “A bit off the map” by Angus Wilson. It deals with the aspiration of a young woman to choose a career. This text is written in a style of fiction. The main idea of this text: everyone should make a right choice before he or […]...