George Cukor

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1. Fritz Lang in America Fritz Lang picked up his career in America after his rapid departure from Nazi Germany with Fury (1936), an anti-lynching melodrama starring Spencer Tracy. Lang originally wanted the protagonist, the intended victim of the film, to be African American, in order to expose the vicious racism he had observed in the American South. Although he […]...
2. Silent movie masters Despite the fact that the studio system often stifled individual creativity, a number of gifted filmmakers managed to strike a balance between art and commerce and adapted to the studio system, making personal films that were also commercially successful. Allan Dwan, Rupert Julian, Henry King, and Fred Niblo all made expert genre films ranging from […]...
3. Billywilder’s America Billy Wilder’s 1950s films included some of the most famous sex comedies of the era, such as the raucous The Seven Year Itch (1955), in which a wandering husband (Tom Ewell) is smitten by the charms of his upstairs neighbor Tom Ewell admires Marilyn Monroe’s skirt in Billy Wilder’s The Seven Year Itch (1955). Marilyn […]...
4. The Hollywood professionals Besides these major directors, a veritable army of skilled journeymen were trained to handle everyday directorial assignments. The studios supervised the careers of not only their actors, but also their directors, cinematogra-phers, and other key creative personnel, acting as a sort of finishing school for talent in support of the system. Directors often advanced to […]...
5. The old masters The 1960s also saw the final films of many of the classical Hollywood directors who had worked in the industry since its infancy. Alfred Hitchcock’s last films were among his best, including the European-influenced horror picture The Birds (1963), in which large groups of birds attack a small California town without explanation, and Marnie (1964), […]...
6. Frankenstein (1931) Clark Gable on loan from MGM as punishment for refusing to toe the line for MGM boss Louis B. Mayer, Capra created It Happened One Night (1934), which swept the Academy Awards, made Gable a major star overnight, and put Columbia on the map. MGM was widely considered the Tiffany of all the studios, making […]...
7. The Three Wishes One winter evening a poor peasant sat near the fire talking with his wife about one of their neighbours who was a rich man. “If only I had a little money myself, he said, “I should open my own shop”. “I”, answered his wife, “should not be satisfied with that, I should be happy if […]...
8. Генри Переем – George Handel Самый оригинальный композитор своего времени Генри Перселл писал музыку для церкви, сцены, двора и для частных развлечений. Он соединял хорошие знания музыкальных достижений прошлого с явным интересом к работам его современников, особенно к итальянской музыке XVII века. Персепл родился в Вестминстере (теперь часть Лондона) в Англии в 1659 году. Насколько известно, он провел всю свою […]...
9. Dorothyarzner In an industry that was deeply influenced by a group of women artists from the 1890s onward, only one woman survived the conglomeration of the industry in the late 1920s to direct during the sound era: Dorothy Arzner. Before Arzner, many women had been active as directors in early Hollywood, but nearly all had been […]...
10. Martin Scorsese and Francis Ford Coppola Martin Scorsese first emerged as a major force in American cinema with Mean Streets (1973). He consolidated his reputation with Taxi Driver (1976), which made a star out of Robert De Niro as psychotic cabbie Travis Bickle, who slowly goes insane as he cruises the streets of nighttime Manhattan. Raging Bull (1980) also featured De […]...
11. Film in 1950s England One of the major directors in postwar England was Sir Carol Reed, whose films included The Third Man (1949), a tense tale of espionage set in Vienna after the war. Although Joseph Cotten plays the lead in the film, Orson Welles steals the picture as Harry Lime, an unscrupulous black marketeer who eventually meets his […]...
12. Gone With the wind The most famous film of the era is undoubtedly 1939’s Gone with the Wind, based on Margaret Mitchell’s page-turning best seller about the South during the Civil War. The production was the brainchild of independent producer David O. Selznick (in Hollywood fashion, the “O” stood for nothing; Selznick had no middle name but decided that […]...
13. George Gershwin. Джордж Гершвін Джордж Гершвін був одним з перших композиторів, що використовували джазові теми в класичних музичних формах. Джордж Гершвін народився 26 вересня 1898 року в Брукліні. Він був сином російських емігрантів, чиє прізвище було Гершовиц. Він став вивчати гру на піаніно у віці 12 років. У 16 років він кинув школу, щоб працювати піаністом у музичному видавництві. […]...
14. Showmanship, scandal, and spectacle The era also saw the rise of the movie palace, as marble nickelodeons became splendid pleasure domes dedicated to public entertainment, such as Radio City Music Hall in New York and the Roxy in Los Angeles. Paramount began an aggressive policy of theater ownership to make sure that their films would find an appreciative audience, […]...
15. Women in the director’s chair By the 1990s, women were directing films in every conceivable genre, a far cry from the 1950s when Ida Lupino was the only woman working in Hollywood. Amy Heckerling’s first movie, Fast Times at Ridgemont High (1982), a parody of high school comedy films, was a hit and introduced Sean Penn, Judge Reinhold, and Jennifer […]...
16. The Asian action film Asian cinema saw an enormous renaissance, creating everything from routine action thrillers to deeply moving and intimate dramas. Bruce Lee was born in San Francisco, spent much of his youth in Hong Kong, and went back to America to work in the television series “The Green Hornet” (1966-67) and Paul Bogart’s film Marlowe (1969) before […]...
17. Как покорить звезду – How to win a star Recently we watched a film called “Win a date with Tad Hamilton”. This film was about the ordinary girl Rosalee Futch from the country, that won a date with the famous film star Tad Hamilton. She was very happy, because she was a fan of this film-star, she watched all films with his participation. At […]...
18. Frank Capra’s Small-Town America Frank Capra followed up the success of 1934’s It Happened One Night with a string of sentimental films about small-town American values, which the director himself dubbed “Capra corn.” Lost Horizon (1937), an atypical trip to exotica for the director, was a critical and financial disappointment, but in such films as You Can’t Take It […]...
19. Problems with early sound Technological advances during this period were numerous. The first microphones for recording sound were clumsy and bulky and produced poor sound quality. Technicians insisted that the performers stand next to the microphones for optimal sound quality; this meant that both the camera and the actors stopped moving, resulting in static films that fans and critics […]...
20. Stanley Kubrick Stanley Kubrick, one of the best-known filmmakers in the history of the medium, was born in the Bronx, New York, in 1928, and began his career as a still photographer for Look magazine, the now-defunct American weekly picture journal. In 1950, he made a short film entitled The Day of the Fight, based on a […]...
21. Unusual Present Once upon a time in a small village there lived a young man. His name was Jack. He had a wife and old parents. The family was so poor that there were no nice things in their house. One day Jack went to town to look for a job. Some time passed and he came […]...
22. The Collapse of the studio system In 1944, the U. S. Supreme Court handed down what became known as the de Havilland decision, ruling that the standard seven-year contract then given to most actors could not be indefinitely lengthened by suspensions caused when an actor balked at appearing in a particular project. Olivia de Havilland, best remembered for playing the sweet […]...
23. Restaurants (part 2) Types of Restaurants. The standard way in which restaurants operate is that customers sit at tables, a waiter comes to take their order, and later brings the food, and the customers pay the bill afterwards. Depending on local custom, a tip of varying proportions of the bill (often 10-20 %) is added, which (usually) goes […]...
24. My favorite painter One of my favorite artists is Rembrant is the greatest Dutch master, one of the supreme geneuses in the history of art. To this day the art of Rembrant remains one of the most profound witness of the progress of the soul in it’s earthly pilgrimage towards the realisation of higher destiny. The son of […]...
25. American Theatre The American theatre is over two hundred years old, but American drama became American only in the 20* century when such prominent playwrights as Eugene O’Neill, Robert Sherwood and others began their creative work. The centre of the American theatrical world is in a section of New York City on and near Broadway. It is […]...
26. Children in sport I Hello, and welcome to today’s ‘You & Yours’. On today’s program we look at children who are trying to be champions in the world of sport, and the pressures they can be under to win. Now I spoke to Allan Baker, the former British Athletics coach, and he had this to say. AB Well […]...
27. New cinema in England In England, the habitually excessive Ken Russell made a name for himself as a purveyor of over-the-top spectacle. Among his works are his adaptation of D. H. Lawrence’s Women in Love in 1969; his sensationalized biography of Tchaikovsky, The Music Lovers (1970); Tommy (1975), based on the Who’s rock opera of the same name; an […]...
28. Why Are Stephenie Meyer`s Books So Popular With Youngsters? Originally published in 2005 and translated into 37 different languages, Twilight became not only the biggest selling book of the year, but also something like the Bible for the young who are fond of dark romance and stories about magic creatures. With each new book, the Twilight saga got more and more fans, but what […]...
29. Кино в моей жизни – Cinema in my life I am keen on movies, that is why I am interested in everything that is connected with it. First some words about history of cinematography. In 1895 the Lumieres brothers made their first three minute film which was demonstrated to the public. It was almost a century ago. Nowadays cinema is probably the most popular […]...
30. The Auteur Theory In the midst of all this technological tumult, a new group of American directors came of age, eager to embrace the shift to color and CinemaScope. They were also bolstered by the critical cheerleading of the French journal Cahiers du Cinéma, begun in 1947 by writer and theorist André Bazin (then La Revue du Cinéma, […]...
31. Стилистический анализ текста: John Collier “Back for Christmas” The text “Back for Christmas” by John Collier is written in a style of fiction. The story is about farewell party to the doctor Carpenter and his wife. In the beginning of the text we can see the Carpenters; living room that was filled with the close friends who had come to say “last-minute farewell” […]...
32. Кино в моей жизни – Movies in my life Movies play an important role in my life and of course I like to go to the cinema. As for me it is an available popular form of art, I find visiting cinemas is one of the best ways of spending my free time. And everyone can choose his favorite genre of film. There are […]...
33. Charles Chaplin The film’s entire running gag consisted of Chaplin trying to get into the newsreel footage of the race and being repeatedly thrown out by irate officials in the process. Sennett also invented the famous Keystone Kops troupe, a group of slapstick performers who pretended to be policemen, and whose exploits invariably included wild chases, car […]...
34. Twenty-First Century Hollywood Style Quentin Tarantino made a name for himself as a purveyor of stylish violence in Reservoir Dogs (1992), a brutal crime thriller, and then capped his reputation with Pulp Fiction (1994), one of the most complex and intelligent Keitel as a corrupt, drug-addicted New York policeman. Crime films ever made, which teeters on the edge of […]...
35. Fascist Italy While Germany under the Nazis was pursuing a cinematic strategy of escapist comedies, political propaganda, and epic spectacles, combined with liberal doses of “B” grade Hollywood films and Mickey Mouse cartoons (until 1939, when imports from the West were abruptly halted after the start of hostilities in Europe), Italy pursued a slightly different course. Benito […]...
36. Musicals At MGM, Gene Kelly and Stanley Donen contributed the pioneering shot-on-location musical On the Town (1949), as well as the much-beloved Singin in the Rain (1952), about the early days of sound in Hollywood. Vincente Minnelli continued with his series of lavish musicals for the Arthur Freed production unit, such as Meet Me in St. […]...
37. Edwin S. Porter While Alice Guy was blazing new cinematic advances in France and later in the United States, Edison was moving ahead with the development of the motion picture with the aid of Edwin S. Porter, whose films The Life of an American Fireman and particularly The Great Train Robbery revolutionized the cinema. The Life of an […]...
38. Стилистический анализ текста: Francis King “Making it all right” The text “Making it all right” by Francis King is written in a style of fiction. This extract is about how Mary and her husband Bob were admiring their screen, which was picked up in a little junkshop, and how they had it remounted. So at the beginning of the text we see Bob, Mary […]...
39. New cinema in Italy In Italy, the Neorealist school had long since evaporated. Vittorio De Sica acted in and/or directed a long series of conventional romantic comedies simply to keep working, although he did complete one final masterpiece, Il Giardino dei Finzi-Contini (The Garden of the Finzi-Continis), in 1971. However, Roberto Rossellini, ever adaptable, reinvented himself completely with a […]...
40. Пришелец в Стране Чудес – An Alien in Wonderland There are a lot of planets in the space. Some of them are inhabited. The inhabitants of one nameless planet wanted it to be the most wonderful in the Universe and they spent all the time thinking about it. Once they learned that the Earth was inhabited too. They also learned that on the Earth […]...